A guide to the UK Patent Box regime

Written by Fiona Cross - Partner, Tax

Published on: 03 September 2025

In an era where innovation drives economic growth, the UK government offers powerful incentives to encourage businesses to develop and commercialise intellectual property (IP) domestically. One such incentive is the Patent Box regime, which allows qualifying companies to benefit from a reduced Corporation Tax rate on profits derived from patented inventions. As of 2025, with the main Corporation Tax rate standing at 25%, this scheme provides an effective tax rate of just 10% on eligible profits, making it a valuable tool for innovative companies. In this article, we’ll explore what the Patent Box is, who qualifies, how it works, and how Gravita can assist you in maximising its benefits.

Talk to us

What is the UK Patent Box?

The UK Patent Box is a tax relief scheme introduced in 2013 and fully implemented by 2017. It aims to promote innovation by applying a lower rate of Corporation Tax, 10%, to profits earned from exploiting patented inventions and certain other qualifying IP rights. This includes income from selling patented products, licensing patents, or even notional royalties from using patented processes in manufacturing or services. The regime also extends to medicinal or botanic innovation rights, broadening its appeal to sectors like pharmaceuticals and agriculture.

By incentivising companies to retain and develop IP in the UK, the Patent Box supports long-term economic competitiveness. It’s particularly beneficial for R&D intensive industries such as technology, engineering, life sciences, and manufacturing, where patents play a central role in protecting innovations.

Eligibility criteria

Not every business can claim Patent Box relief. Specific conditions must be met to ensure the scheme targets genuine innovators. To qualify, your company must:

Own or hold an exclusive licence for patents granted by the UK Intellectual Property Office (UKIPO), the European Patent Office (EPO), or patent offices in select European Economic Area (EEA) countries, including Austria, Germany, Finland, and others.
Have undertaken qualifying development activities. This means your company (or a group member) must have made a significant contribution to creating or developing the patented invention or a product incorporating it.
Actively manage the IP portfolio if part of a group, demonstrating ongoing involvement in the patents’ commercialisation.

For exclusive licences, the arrangement must grant rights to develop, exploit, and defend the IP across an entire national territory (e.g. the whole of the UK or another country), with the licensee entitled to enforce rights against infringement. Post 30 June 2016 elections introduce additional restrictions based on R&D expenditure and acquisition costs, calculated via an “R&D fraction” to ensure benefits align with UK-based innovation efforts.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and larger corporations alike can benefit, but the scheme is most advantageous for those with substantial IP income. If your business holds patents but hasn’t yet explored this relief, it’s worth assessing eligibility, as even older patents can qualify if they meet the criteria.

How the Patent Box works

The mechanics of the Patent Box involve identifying and isolating qualifying profits, then applying a deduction to achieve the 10% effective tax rate. Here’s a step-by-step overview:

Identify qualifying IP income: This includes revenue from selling patented products, licensing fees, patent sales, infringement damages, and notional royalties for internal use of patented processes. For mixed-income streams, “streaming” separates IP-related profits from other trading income.
Calculate relevant IP profits: Deduct routine profits (e.g., from standard operations) and marketing assets to focus on true IP value. The R&D fraction adjusts benefits based on in-house vs outsourced or acquired R&D. It’s capped at 1 but can be lower if significant costs were incurred abroad or through acquisitions.
Apply the deduction: The formula reduces taxable profits to reflect the 10% rate. For example, if your main Corporation Tax rate is 25%, the deduction effectively bridges the gap.

Key benefits of the Patent Box

The primary advantage is a reduced tax burden that can significantly boost after-tax profits. For examples, a company with £1 million in qualifying IP profits could save £150,000 in tax compared to the standard 25% rate. Beyond savings, the scheme encourages investment in R&D, fosters IP retention in the UK, and enhances competitiveness on the global stage.

It also complements other incentives like R&D tax credits, allowing businesses to stack reliefs for maximum impact. In a post-Brexit landscape, where the UK seeks to attract innovation, the Patent Box remains a cornerstone of the government’s strategy to support high-tech and knowledge-based industries.

How to claim Patent Box relief

Claiming requires timely action. Companies must elect into the regime via their Corporation Tax return, within two years of the end of the relevant accounting period. Once elected, the relief applies to all qualifying patents in your portfolio. Supporting documentation, such as IP records and profit calculations, must be maintained for HMRC enquiries.

For new claimants, it’s advisable to start with a feasibility assessment to estimate potential savings and ensure compliance. Elections are irrevocable for the period but can be revisited in future years.

How Gravita can assist

At Gravita, we specialise in helping businesses navigate the complexities of tax incentives to unlock hidden value. Our team of experienced tax advisors can provide end-to-end support for the Patent Box regime, including:

Eligibility assessments: We’ll review your IP portfolio and R&D activities to confirm qualification and identify overlooked opportunities.
Benefit calculations: We handle the intricate computations, including R&D fractions and streaming, to maximise your claim.
Claim preparation and submission: From gathering documentation to filing elections, we ensure compliance with HMRC requirements, reducing the risk of errors or disputes.

Whether you’re a startup patenting your first invention or a multinational managing a large IP portfolio, Gravita tailors solutions to your needs.

What next?

The UK Patent Box regime is more than a tax break; it’s a strategic tool for fostering innovation and securing competitive advantages.

Please contact Fiona Cross, Corporate and International Tax Partner, to discuss how we can help explore the patent box regime potential for your business.